Climate Change and disaster preparedness (জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন এবং দুর্যোগ ব্যাবস্থাপনা।

 cÖkœ t Climate Chang (Rjevqy cwieZ©b) ej‡Z wK †ev‡Sb ?

DËi t In simple terms, climate is the prevailing weather conditions of an area and is sometimes quantified in terms of the average of weather indicator over a period of at least 30 years. A_©vr †Kvb ¯’v‡bi Rjevqy cwieZ©b ej‡Z AvenvIqvi †Kvb GKwU wel‡q b~¨bZg 30 eQ‡ii Mo cwieZ©b‡K †evSvq| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Rjevqy cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©b cwigv‡ci Rb¨ iv‡Zi ZvcgvÎv cwieZ©b me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wbqvgK| Kvib i‡Z Mvwo PjvPj I KviLvbv eÜ _v‡K, ZLb c„w_ex Zvi mwÂZ ZvcgvÎv nviv‡Z _v‡K| ZLbKvi ZvcgvÎv KZUzKz Av‡Q, Zv w`‡q Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wnmve Kiv hvq| weMZ 58 eQ‡ii 21 wU ¯’v‡bi ZvcgvÎvi wnmve ch©‡e¶b K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q kx‡Zi ‰`N©¨ †QvU n‡q G‡m‡Q| A_©r ˆewk¦K ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡”Q|

 

cÖkœ t Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki Dci wK wK cÖfve †dj‡Q/†dj‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

DËi t Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ˆewk¦K ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡”Q| 2007 mv‡j RvwZms‡Ni AvšÍtmiKvi Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ c¨v‡b‡ji (AvBwcwmwm) cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡qwQj, 2050 mv‡ji g‡a¨ e‡½vcmvM‡ii cvwbi D”PZv GK wgUvi evo‡e| Gi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~‡ji 17 kZvsk f~wg Wy‡e hv‡e I DcK~jxq A‡ji cÖvq `yB †KvwU gvbyl M„nnxb n‡q co‡e| BwZg‡a¨ A‡b‡KB M„nnxb n‡q evm¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Mo e„wócvZ AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡jI AwaKZi e„wócvZeûj w`‡bi msL¨v Ges gvSLv‡b e„wócvZnxb w`‡bi msL¨v e„w× cv‡”Q| GB cÖeYZvwU †`‡ki DËi-cwðgv‡j  †ewk †`Lv w`‡”Q| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, Av‡M †hLv‡b e„wócvZ n‡Zv RyjvB‡qi †klv‡a© I AvM‡ói cÖ_gv‡a©, †mwU GLb we¯—…Z n‡q Ry‡bi †klva© †_‡K RyjvB‡qi 10 w`b ch©šÍ e„wócvZ n‡”Q| Avi evwK e„wócvZ AvM‡ói †klv‡a© P‡j hv‡”Q| e„wócvZ wbqwgZfv‡e †h mgqKv‡j nIqvi K_v, Zv mgqgZ n‡”Q bv| ZvB eb¨v †h mg‡q nIqvi K_v, wK¤^v gvbyl †h mg‡q eb¨v †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z _v‡K, †m mgqKvj e¨nZ n‡”Q| d‡j ¶wZi cwigvY e„w× cv‡”Q| †hgb DbœZ Rv‡Zi Avgb avb Pv‡li Rb¨ 15 AvM‡ói g‡a¨ †QvU Pvov¸‡jv ‡ivcY Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ e„wócvZeûj w`‡bi msL¨v AvMó gv‡mi †klv‡a© nq, cvwb bvg‡Z bvg‡Z †`wi nIqvq Avgb Dc‡hvMx RvqMvq Avgb avb ‡ivcb m¤¢e nqbv| ZvB Rjevqy cwieZ©b Avgv‡`i K…wl cwi‡eke¨e¯’vq ¶wZKi cÖfve †dj‡Q|

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j m¤cÖwZ A‡bK¸‡jv mvB‡K¬vb AvNvZ †n‡b‡Q| mvB‡K¬v‡bi cÖPÛZvi cwigvYI e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i DcK~jxq cªwZi¶v euva¸‡jv‡Z mvB‡K¬v‡bi cÖPÛZv e„w×i d‡j kw³kvjx †XD‡qi AvNv‡Z ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q| jeYv³ cvwb K…wl Rwg‡Z cÖ‡ek Kivq K…wl cwi‡eke¨e¯’v †f‡½ co‡Q| jeYv³ cvwb †hLv‡b wgwó ev mvay cvwbi m‡½ wgwkªZ nq, †mLvbKvi cvwbi Nb‡Z¡i cwieZ©b N‡U| b`xe‡¶ cwj Aat‡¶c‡Yi cwigvY †e‡o hvq| †mLv‡b b`xi cvwb `yÕB cvo Dc‡P c‡o Rjve×vZvi m„wó Ki‡e| d‡j Rjve× GjvKvi cwigvY e„w× cv‡e| 50 eQi av‡i mgy`ª DcwiZ‡ji Mo ZvcgvÎvi cwigvY w`b w`b evo‡Q| G‡Z Nb Nb wbgœPv‡ci m„wó n‡”Q| mgy`ªc„‡ôi DcwiZ‡ji ZvcgvÎv hZ evo‡e, wbgœPvc¸‡jv ZZ kw³kvjx n‡q mvB‡K¬v‡bi m„wó Ki‡e| MZ 20 eQi Av‡M e‡½vcmvM‡i eQ‡i M‡o 5-6 Uvi †ewk wbgœPvc n‡Zv bv| GLb †mLv‡b eQ‡i M‡o 12-14 Uv wbgœPvc †`Lv w`‡”Q| d‡j el©v †gŠmy‡g Mfxi mgy‡`ª grmRxexiv †ewk w`b gvQ ai‡Z cvi‡Q bv| evievi S‡oi mZK©ms‡K‡Zi Kvi‡b Zx‡i wd‡i Avm‡Z n‡”Q, d‡j Zv‡`i †ckv ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q|

International Union of Conservation for Nature (IUCN) Gi †R¨ô Rjevqy we‡klÁ AvBbyb wbkvZ e‡jb evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi me‡P‡q eo nygwK Nb Nb N~wYSo, eb¨v I Pigfvevcbœ AvenvIqvi Kvi‡b K…wl Ges Rxeb-RxweKvi ¶wZ|

 

cÖkœ t  Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ¶wZKi cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvi ‡KŠkj/Dcvq¸‡jv wK  wK ?

DËi t Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ¶wZKi cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ †`‡ki cÖwZwU †Rjvq Rjevqy wecbœZv ev SuzwK gvbwPÎ ˆZix K‡i K…wl, Lv`¨, ¯^v¯’¨, AeKvVv‡gv mn me welq wb‡q miKvi‡K GKwU mgwš^Z cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| ¯’vbxq miKvi‡K m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z n‡e †ewk K‡i| ¯’vbxq mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq‡`i gZvg‡Zi wfwˇZ AMÖvwaKvig~jK cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| AvenvIqvi gZ K…wl‡¶‡Î c~e©vfvm e¨e¯’v M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i gvbem¤ú`‡K `¶ I m‡PZb K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z bv cvi‡j Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ¶wZKi cÖfve †_‡K †`k‡K i¶v Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| wk¶K‡`i `¶Zv e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| KwgDwbwU wfwËK Awf‡hvRbe¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z cv‡i G ai‡bi dm‡ji exR me©Î Qwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e| DcK~jxq euva¸wji D”PZv e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| DcK~jxq A‡j AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb Ki‡Z n‡e| bZzb Avkªq‡K›`ª wbg©vb I cybe©vm‡bi e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|

 

cÖkœ t Defination of Disaster (`y‡h©vM ej‡Z wK †ev‡Sb) ?

DËi t mvaviYfv‡e cÖvK…wZK A_ev gvbyl m„ó AvKw¯§K, nVvr ev µgea©gvb NUbv‡K †evSvq hv †Kvb mgv‡Ri ¯^vfvweK wµqvKjvc‡K e¨nZ K‡i Ges gvbyl, m¤ú`, `ªe¨ mvgMÖx I cwi‡e‡ki Giƒc gvÎvq ¶wZ mvab K‡i †h, ¶wZMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvwô‡K we‡kl e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g mvnvh¨ Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q| GB wech©q Giƒc gvÎvq nq †h, wech©¯Í Rb‡Mvwô ïaygvÎ wbR¯^ m¤ú` Øviv G cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK Rxeb hvcb I RxweKv `vi“bfv‡e e¨nZ nq| †¶‡Zi dmj I m¤ú` webó K‡i gvby‡li Rxeb hvc‡bi †¶‡Î ‰Zix K‡i GK AwbwðZ Ae¯’vb| d‡j Zv‡`i wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw` †hgbt Lv`¨, cvbxq Rj, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, ¯^v¯’¨ I wPwKrmv Ges ¯^vfvweK Rxeb hvc‡bi Rb¨ evB‡ii mvnv‡h¨i cÖ‡qvRb nq| `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖavb wkKvi nq cÖwZeÜx, wkï, gwnjv (we‡kl K‡i Mf©eZx), e„×-e„×v I SzuwKi g‡a¨ emevmiZ gvbyl|

 

Type of Disaster (`y‡h©v‡Mi cÖKvi‡f`/aiY) t

K) Man Made Disaster t gvby‡li wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ûi d‡j `y‡h©vM msNwUZ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgbt ivmqwbK `ylY, AwMœKvÛ, wkívqb I cÖhyw³i Ace¨env‡ii d‡j wech©q, hy×, `v½v BZ¨vw`|

L) Natural Disaster t cÖK…wZK fv‡e `y‡h©v‡Mi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| †hgbt N~wY©So, eb¨v, R‡jv”Qvm, U‡b©‡Wv, f~wgK¤ú, Liv, b`x fvv½b BZ¨vw`|

 

Characteristics of Disaster (`y‡h©v‡Mi mvaviY ˆewkó¨) t

• AvKw¯§KZv
• ¶q¶wZi e¨cKZv
• ¶wZMÖ¯’ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v
• ‡iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve
• Avkªq I m¤ú`nvwb

 

Disaster Management (`y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv) t `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv (GKwU e¨envwiK/dwjZ weÁvb)n‡jv KZ¸‡jv bxwZ, cÖkvmwbK wm×vš— Ges cwiPvjbv c×wZ hv `y‡h©v‡Mi wbqwgZ ch©‡e¶Y I we‡k­l‡bi gva¨‡g `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖwZ‡iva, n«vmKiY, cÖ¯‘wZ, Ri“ix ÎvY I cybe©vmb cÖwµqvi DbœwZ mva‡b cÖqvm †bq|

ü  `y‡h©vM m¤úwK©Z Ávb AvniY Ges `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvi cÖwk¶Y MÖnY

ü  `y‡h©v‡Mi c~e©vfvm

ü  `y‡h©vM c~e©eZ©x Kvh©µg/c`‡¶c MÖnY

ü  `y‡h©vM msNUb

ü  `y‡h©vMKvjxb c`‡¶c/Kvh©µg MÖnY

ü  `y‡hv©M cieZ©x Kvh©µg/c`‡¶c MÖnY

 

Steps Before Disaster (`y‡h©vM c~e©eZx© Kvh©µg/c`‡¶cmg~n) t

1. mÂq Kiv
2. `y‡h©v‡Mi m¤¢ve¨ wec` m¤ú‡K© RbMY‡K mRvM Kiv
3. `y‡h©v‡Mi c~e©eZ©x BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© Rbv hv‡Z `y‡h©vM m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq
4. Ri“ix Ae¯’v †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY
5. `y‡h©vM †Kvb w`K †_‡K Avm‡e, †Kvb w`‡K Avkªq wb‡Z n‡e Zv †R‡b ivLv
6. GjvKvevmx‡`i wb‡q mK‡ji m¤§wZ I civgk©µ‡g, mywbw`©ó `vwqZ¡ fvMvfvwMi gva¨‡g GKwU AbymÜvbx I D×vi `j ‰Zix Kiv I Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cwiKíbv ‰Zix Kiv
7. cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ I Jlamn ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vKvix `j MVb Kiv
8. KiYxq wel‡q wb‡R AewnZ nIqv Ges cwievi I mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ mK‡j hv‡Z Rvb‡Z cv‡i ‡m wel‡q ¯^‡Pó nIqv| _vbv, BDwbqb, †cŠimfv ch©v‡q `y‡h©vM m¤úwK©Z mKj cÖwk¶Y, gnov I mfvq ‡hvM †`Iqv|
9. `y‡h©vMKvjxb I cieZ©x‡Z †Kvb Drm †_‡K cvwb mieivn Kiv n‡e Zv wPwýZ Kiv
10. evwo‡Z, MÖv‡g, iv¯Ívq, euv‡a MvQ jvMv‡bvi e¨e¯’v Kiv
11. Avkªq‡K‡›`ª hvIqvi mgq wK wK `iKvix wRwbm mv‡_ †bIqv n‡e Zv ¸wQ‡q ivLv
12. ïKbv Lvevi (wPov, gywo), cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi miÄvgvw`, cvwb weï×Kvix U¨ve‡jU, †gvgevwZ, g¨vP BZ¨vw` msMÖ‡n ivLv
13. bM` UvKv-cqmv, Mnbv, `jxj BZ¨vw` N‡i bv †i‡L wbKUeZ©x e¨vs‡K Mw”QZ ivLv
14. N‡i iw¶Z avb, PvDj c‡jw_‡b f‡i e¯Íve›`x K‡i DuPz ¯’v‡b ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv
15. evwo †_‡K †ei nIqvi GKvwaK c_ ivLv
16. Avkªq‡K‡›`ª hvIqvi iv¯Ív-NvU †givgZ Kiv

Steps During Disaster (`y‡h©vMKvjxb Kvh©µg/c`‡¶cmg~n) t

1)      `y‡h©vM PjvKv‡j mvnm,ˆah© I g‡bvej AUyU ivLv

2)      hZLvwb m¤¢e wbivc` cvwb, ïKbv Lvevi, cÖ‡qvRbxq Jla, g¨vP I †gvgevwZ, Kvco-†Pvco, Ri“ix `iKvix _vjvewU, Pzjv, R¡vjvbx m‡½ K‡i Avkªq‡K‡›`ª hvIqv

3)     cÖ‡qvR‡b `y‡h©Mgy³ AvZœxq-¯^R‡bi evwo‡Z M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwL cvwV‡q †`Iqv, Dcvq bv _vK‡j Kg cÖ‡qvRbxq cï-cvwL wewµ K‡i †`Iqv

4)      wkï, e„×, cÖwZeÜx, Amy¯’¨, Mf©eZx Ges cÖm~wZ gvÕ‡`i we‡kl bRi`vwi mn Avkªq †K‡›`ª wb‡q hvIqv

5)     gnj­vi †jvK‡`i mv‡_ civgk©µ‡g evwo I Avkªq‡K‡›`ª cvnvovi e¨e¯’v Kiv

6)     cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ, `wjj, UvKv-cqmv, Mnbv BZ¨vw` mv‡_ †bIqv A_ev cwjw_‡b gy‡o gvwU‡Z cuy‡Z †djv

7)      `y‡h©vM bv _vgv ch©šÍ Avkªq‡K›`ª †_‡K †ei bv nIqv

8)     mvgvb¨ m¤ú` i¶vK‡í Rxe‡bi SuywK bv †bIqv

Steps After Disaster (`y‡h©vM cieZ©x Kvh©µg/c`‡¶c mg~n) t

1. †kvK‡K kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i bZzb D`¨‡g †¯^”Qv‡mex, AbymÜvbx I D×viKvix `‡ji Kg©ZrciZv ïi“ Kiv
2. iv¯Ív-NvU †_‡K MvQcvjv mwi‡q †d‡j †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v mPj ivLv
3. AvnZ †jvK‡`i nvmcvZv‡j cvVv‡bvi ev¨ev¯’v Kiv
4. g„Z e¨w³‡`i `vd‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv Ges g„Z cï-cvwL gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z †djv
5. A‡b¨i mvnv‡h¨i Avkvq e‡m bv †_‡K gnj­vevmx G‡K Ac‡ii mvnv‡h¨ GwM‡q Avmvv
6. Avkªq‡K›`ª †_‡K gvbyl‡K evwo‡Z wdi‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges hv‡`i evwo-Ni †f‡½ †M‡Q Zv‡`i gv_v †MvRvi e¨e¯’v K‡i †`Iqv
7. BDwbqb I †cŠi `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU‡K ¶q¶wZi mwVK Z_¨ w`‡q mn‡hvMxZv Kiv, Ri“ix Ae¯’v wbqš¿b K¶‡K mn‡hvMxZv Kiv
8. KwgwUi gva¨‡g cÖvß ÎvY mvgMÖx myô weZi‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv
9. miKvix I †emiKvix c~Ye©vmb Kg©m~Px‡K mvwe©K mn‡hvMxZv cÖ`vb|

Impact of Disaster (`y‡h©v‡Mi cwiYvg) t `y‡h©v‡Mi ¯’vwqZ¡Kvj Kg n‡jI Gi aesm ¶gZv e¨vcK| cÖ‡Z¨KwU `y‡h©vM Zvi AvNv‡Zi wPý †i‡L hvq RbRxe‡b| †h †Kvb `y‡h©v‡Mi cwiYwZ we‡k­lY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq ¯^vfvweKfv‡e gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi c‡¶ Zv gviZœK ûgKx¯^iƒc| †hgbt

Ø  kvixwiK ¶wZ

Ø  gvbwmK ¶wZ

Ø  A_©‰bwZK ¶wZ

Ø  mvgvwRK ¶wZ I

Ø  cwi‡ekMZ ¶wZ

`y‡h©v‡Mi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q Pjvi ms¯‹…wZ MV‡bi †¶‡Î Kibxq t

1.       `y‡h©v‡Mi SuywKcªeY GjvKv wbe©vPb

2.       MZ `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfve we‡k­lY

3.      wewfbœ `y‡h©v‡Mi ¶q¶wZ wba©viY

4.       `y‡h©vM †gvKvwejvi †KŠkj wba©viY

5.      `y‡h©vM †gvKvwejvq ¯’vbxq NUbv msMÖn

6.      `y‡h©v‡M `yM©Z e¨w³‡`i ¶q¶wZ Kwg‡q Avb‡Z Avi wK wK c_ Av‡Q Zv Rvbv

7.       mKj gZvgZ GKwÎKiY

 

b`xi cvwb e„w× †`‡_ eb¨vi fqvenZv †evSvi Dcvq t

 wec`mxgvi GK nvZ ev 50 †mw›UwgUv‡ii Dc‡i cvwb e„w× †c‡j Zv‡K `y‡h©vMc~Y© eb¨v ejv nq|

wec`mxgvi Dc‡i GK nvZ ev 50 †mw›UwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ cvwb DV‡j Zv‡K A¯^vfvweK eb¨v ejv nq

wec`mxgvi 50 †mw›UwgUvi ev GK nvZ wbP ‡_‡K wec`mxgv ch©šÍ avivevwnKfv‡e cvwb e„w×i mgqKvj‡K Rxeb I m¤ú` i¶vi ÔÔcÖ¯ÍywZ KvjÕÕ ejv nq|

`y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbvi wewfbœ w`Kmg~n t 

o   `y‡hv©M cwiKíbv MÖnY

o   mZK©xKiY

o   Acmvi‡Yi ¯’vb wba©viY

o    D×viKvh© cwiPvjbv

o   ¶q¶wZi cwigvb wba©viY

o   †hvMv‡hvM I Z_¨ cwi‡ekb

o   Ri“ix mvnvh¨ I ÎvYeÈb

o   cybe©vm‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv

o   `xN© †gqv`x `y‡h©vM ckgb cwiKíbv MÖnY| BZ¨vw`

`y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `¶Zvmg~n t

1.       Av_©-mvgvwRK `¶Zv

2.       ivR‰bwZK `¶Zv

3.      chyw³MZ `¶Zv

4.       ¯’vbxq Ávb

5.      e¨e¯’vcbv msµvšÍ Ávb

6.      AvšÍte¨w³K/mvsMVwbK Ávb

cÖkœ t Disaster Cycle (`y‡h©vM Pµ) Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

DËi t `y‡hv©M Pµ wbgœiƒc-

 (Prevention)    cÖwZ‡iva              t GKwU m¤¢ve¨ wec`/`yN©Ubv‡K cÖwZ‡ia Kiv

 (Mitigation) cÖkgb/n«vmKiY         t c`‡¶cmg~n hv †Kvb `yN©Ubv NU‡j `yN©UbvRwbZ djvdj‡K n«vm  Ki‡Z cv‡i| n«vmKi‡Yi c`‡¶c mg~n cÖK…wZMZf‡e KvVv‡gvMZ A_ev AeKvVv‡gvMZ n‡Z cv‡i|

(Preparedness) cª¯‘wZ                  t cÖK…Z Ri“ix Ae¯’vi mgq AwaKZi Kvh©Kix fv‡e mg‡qvwPZ mvov cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ M„nxZ c`‡¶cmg~n|

(Disaster) `y‡h©vM                         t GKwU wec`msKzj/ fqven NUbvi Avwef©ve

(Response) mvov cÖ`vb                 t Ri“ix Ae¯’vi mgq AZ¨vek¨Kxq †mev ev Ri“ix mg‡q `ªe¨ mvgMªxi mieivn

(Rehabilitation) c~be©vmb             t GvwU Rb‡Mvwôi mvgvwRK Ges A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi mv‡_ RwoZ AZ¨vek¨Kxq †mev mg~‡ni `ª“Z ¯^vfvweKKiY Ges cÖwZ¯’vc‡bi cÖv_wgK cÖ‡Póv|

(Reconstruction) cybM©Vb            t Rb‡Mvwôi †mev cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K Ges my‡hvM myweav¸‡jv‡K `y‡h©v‡Mi c~‡e© ‡h Ae¯’vq wQj †m ¯Íi ch©šÍ cb©MVb Kiv|

(Development) Dbœqb                t Rb‡Mvwôi mvgvwRK Ges A_©‰bwZK Kj¨v‡Yi Dbœqb I Zv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ µgvMZ cÖ‡Póv|

 (`y‡h©vM P‡µi AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcv`vb mg~nt Z_¨, m‡PZbZv, D‡`¨vM, mvov cÖ`vb, cÖ‡qvM)

Hazard (Avc`/wec`) t GwU Ggb GKwU NUbv hvi Øviv Rxeb, m¤ú` I cwi‡e‡ki ¶q¶wZ nevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| wec‡`i evwn¨K mËvi we¯Ívi NUvi m¤¢vebv, cÖfve Ges cÖPÛZv wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK †¶‡ÎB GB mg¯Í djvdj c~e© †_‡K Abygvb, MbYv ev wbiƒcb Kiv hvq| g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, Avc` †Kvb `y‡h©vM bq, eis `y‡h©v‡Mi m¤¢ve¨ KviY| †hgb t fywgK¤ú GKwU Avc`, Gi Kvi‡b cÖvYnvbxmn feb I Ab¨vb¨ AeKvVv‡gv aŸs‡mi gva¨‡g `y‡h©vM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| g„`y f~K¤úb Avc` wKš‘ G‡Z `y‡h©vM †`Lv †`q bv|

Characterizations of Hazard (wec‡`i ˆewkó) t

1)      cybt cybt NwUevi nvi (Frequency)

2)      e¨vwßKvj/mgqmxgv (Time)

3)     AvMg‡bi MwZ ( Speed of Coming)

4)      AvIZv/wew¯—…wZ (Scope)

5)     ZxeªZv (Intensity)

6)     Abygv‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv (Predictability)

7)      c~e© mZK©Zv (Preparedness)

8)     wbqš¿b †hvMÖZv (Control Ability)

Vulnerability (wec`vcbœZv) t e¨w³ ev †Mvwôi RxweKvq‡bi Dci ‡bwZevPK cÖfveB n‡jv wec`vcbœZv| hLb Zvi/Zv‡`i ¯^vfvweK RxweKvqb NvZ-cÖwZNv‡Zi mb¥ywLb nq A_ev euavMÖ¯’ nq ZLb Zv‡K wec`vcbœZv e‡j| wec`vcbœZv e¯‘MZ, mvgvwRK A_ev `„wóf½xMZ n‡Z cv‡i| GwU cÖK…ZMZfv‡e cÖv_wgK (Primari) A_ev gva¨wgK (Secondary) n‡Z cv‡i| (wec`vcbœZv †h ‡Kvb GKwU wRwbm/welq w`‡q †evSv‡bv m¤¢e bq wKš‘ wewfbœ †cÖw¶‡Z wewfbœgyLx welq Gi mv‡_ RwoZ)| wec`vcbœZv = ¶wZi Avk¼v / mvg_©¨|

Capability (m¶gZv) t wecbœZv †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ hw` BwZevPK welq¸wj _v‡K hv †Kvb cÖ‡qvR‡b djcÖmyfv‡e mvov cÖ`v‡bi ¶gZv e„w× K‡i A_ev ms‡e`bkxjZv (Susceptibility) n«vm K‡i, †m¸‡jv‡K m¶gZv e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq|

Risk (SuywK) t SuywK n‡jv Rxeb, m¤ú` Ges cwi‡e‡ki ¶q¶wZ nevi GKwU m¤¢vebv| SzuwK e„w× A_ev n«vm cvevi e¨wß n‡”Q eû msL¨K NUbv msNU‡bi avivevwnK ms‡hvM mg~‡ni cÖwZwµqvi djvdj| †Kvb Avc` ev Avc`mg~‡n, wec`vcbœ Rb‡Mvwô Ges Zvi Avq, m¤ú` I cwi‡ek- GB wZb Dcv`v‡bi wg_w¯Œqvi Kvi‡Y ¶wZKi cÖfv‡ei Avk¼vB n‡jv SuywK| SzuwK = Avc` Avk¼v x wec`vcbœZ

Hazard Assessment (wec` wbiƒcb) t wec` we‡k­l‡bi GKwU cÖwµqv hvi Øviv GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’vb Ges ewY©Z mg‡qi g‡a¨ wec` NUvi m¤¢vebvi K_v D‡j­L Kivi †Póv K‡i| A_ev GwU GKwU c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g wec`mg~n wPwýZ Kiv hvq|

Vulnerability Analysis (wecbœZv we‡k­lY) t GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q wPwýZ wec`/wec`mg~‡ni d‡j m¤ú` Ges cwi‡e‡ki Dci wec‡`i cÖfv‡ei aiY I cÖwZwµqv eySevi GKwU cÖwµqv A_ev e¯‘MZ, Av_©-mvgvwRK Ges ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi Av‡jv‡K wec‡`i cÖfve we‡k­lY|

Risk Analysis (SuywK we‡k­lY) t wec‡`i d‡j Rxeb, m¤ú` Ges cwi‡e‡ki ¶q¶wZi m¤¢vebvi Dci AvbygvwbK we‡k­lY|

Characterizations of a Rescuer (D×viKg©xi ‰ewkó/¸bvejx) t

• Drmvn
• cÖwk¶Y
• kvixiK †hvM¨Zv
• ‡bZ…Z¡
• Dcw¯’Z eyw×
• fqfxwZ wbqš¿‡bi ¶gZv

cÖkœ t Flash Flood ej‡Z wK †ev‡Sb ?

DËi t Flash Flood GK ai‡bi eb¨v| g~jZ cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi ΓwUi Kvi‡b Flash Flood ‡`Lv ‡`q| cvnvwo Xj ev AwZ e„wói cvwb nVvr b`xi `yÕK~j Qvwc‡q †Kvb GjvKv‡K c­vweZ K‡i, Avevi Aí K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨ G ai‡bi cvwb †b‡gI hvq| AwZ e„wói/eb¨v/R‡jv”Qv‡mi cvwb hw` wb®‹vk‡bi myweav bv cvq Zvn‡j Rjve×Zv m„wó K‡i| GB Rjve×Zv ¯^í¯’vqx A_ev `xN©¯’vqx DfqB n‡Z cv‡i| eo eo kni¸‡jv‡Z ‡Wª‡bR e¨e¯’vi AcÖZzjZvi Kvi‡b AwZ e„wó‡Z  Flash Flood ‡`Lv w`‡jI Zv `xN©¯’vqx nqbv| Avevi A‡bK mgq †Rvqvi ev N~wY©S‡oi mgq †Kvb GjvKv‡Z cvwb AvU‡K c‡o `xN©¯’vqx Flash Flood †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|

cÖkœ t NywY©S‡oi wec` ms‡KZ KZ cÖKvi I KqwU ?

DËi t NywY©S‡oi wec` ms‡KZ wZb ai‡bi Ges †gvU 11 wU

1| mZK© ms‡KZ (GK cZvKv)

              I.      1 bs `~ieZ©x mZK© ms‡KZ

           II.      2 bs `~ieZ©x ûuwkqvix ms‡KZ

         III.      3 bs ¯’vbxq mZK© ms‡KZ

2| wec` ms‡KZ (`yB cZvKv)

              I.      5 bs wec` ms‡KZ

           II.      6 bs wec` ms‡KZ

3| gnv wec` ms‡KZ (wZb cZvKv)

              I.      8 bs gnvwec` ms‡KZ

           II.      9 bs gnvwec` ms‡KZ

         III.      10 bs gnvwec` ms‡KZ

        IV.      11 bs †hvMv‡hvM wew”Qbœ nIqvi ms‡KZ